Supporting Adolescent Orphan Girls to Stay in School as HIV Risk Prevention: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Zimbabwe

Using a randomised controlled trial in rural eastern Zimbabwe, the researchers tested whether comprehensive support to keep orphan adolescent girls in school could reduce HIV risk.

All orphan girls in grade 6 in 25 primary schools were invited to participate in the study in the autumn of 2007 (n = 329). "Primary schools were randomized to condition." All primary schools received a universal daily feeding programme; intervention participants received fees, uniforms, and a school-based helper to monitor attendance and resolve problems.

The researchers conducted annual surveys and collected additional information on school dropout, marriage, and pregnancy rates. They analysed data using generalised estimating equations over 3 time points, controlling for school and age at baseline.

It was found that the intervention reduced school dropout by 82% and marriage by 63% after 2 years. Compared with control participants, the intervention group reported greater school bonding, better future expectations, more equitable gender attitudes, and more concerns about the consequences of sex.

"We found promising evidence that comprehensive school support may reduce HIV risk for orphan girls. Further study, including assessment of dose response, cost benefit, and HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 biomarker measurement, is warranted."

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